In accordance with World Health Organization recommendations, applicants for R.O.C. (Taiwan) visas must submit proof of having been administered the oral polio vaccine (OPV) or inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) within the past year if they have resided in or visited countries at high risk of a polio outbreak (namely, Afghanistan, Malawi, Mozambique, Pakistan, Madagascar, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Republic of the Congo) for four weeks or longer within the past year.